312
& Adode ALU MINI
WEEKLY
-PROCESS OF ELECTION,
The long process of election had
been closed. The history of it is of
course a part of the secrets of the gov-
erning body, and justly so. At~ the
same time, the main points of considera-
tion and discussion have been generally
familiar. The Corporation have taken
up one by one a large number of possible
Yale men of pronounced strength and
ability, and have not limited themselves
to any school or type. As far as it is
known, the common law has been fol-
lowed of considering only graduates of
- Yale.
But the list has been a long enough
and strong enough one with this restric-
tion. Such names as Prof. Henry W.
Farnam, °74, Prof. Bernadotte Perrin,
’69, Prof. Theodore S. Woolsey, ’72,
Prof. Henry P. Wright, 68, the Hon.
Simeon E. Baldwin, ’61, .Dr. E. B. Coe,
’62, Judge William H. Taft, ’78, and
Professor George E. Vincent, ’85, of
Chicago University, made material
enough for day after day of careful
discussion and liberal consideration.
The qualities which put these men in
the list of Presidential possibilities are
more or less familiar, and it is unneces-
sary to analyze the candidacy of each
one here.
The Corporation’s meetings are regu-
larly held one in the Fall, one in May,
and one at Commencement; but since
the resignation of President Dwight,
and beginning early in the Winter, there
have been at least monthly meetings,
which have been quite fully atended and
at which this Presidential question has
been almost invariably the main topic
of discussion. The way in which the
Corporation has looked at the matter .
has been dwelt upon in the WEEKLY.
They have had their minds open for
all suggestion, their eyes scanning the
horizon for the form of every possible
candidate. During these six months of
discussion Yale men the country over
have more thoughtfully turned their
attention to this place than perhaps ever
before in its history, and as a result of
their consideration, suggestions without
number have poured into New Haven.
Whether they were addressed directly
to the Corporation, whether they went
to members of the Faculty, or whether
they came, as hundreds of them
did, through the agency of this paper,
they generally reached the Corporation
at last. And now that it is all over,
. it is well to bear this in mind in esti-
mating the quality and spirit of the men
who carry the responsibilty of Yale
government.
PROFESSOR HADLEY FIRST MENTIONED.
President Dwight’s resignation was
hardly announced before the name of
Professor Hadley was on men’s tongues
and in the newspapers as his possible and
probable successor. Like every early
boom, if the word may be used of what
was merely the expression of a very com-
mon opinion and a very earnest hope,
a reaction followed this condition, and
for two or three months the situation
looked extremely uncertain. The minds
of the Corporation were honestly and
anxiously in doubt. But in course of
time men came again to look calmly
and intelligently at the conspicuous
claims .of Professor Hadley’s makeup
and record, and so again his star rose.
There was a certain degree of elimina-
tion of other candidates, but it seems
more reasonable to say that things
assumed an equilibrium finally, and
Professor Hadley appeared at the end,
as he had appeared for a long time
before the time of President Dwight’s
resignation had been announced, as the
most logical and promising of all
candidates.
The attitude of Yale men toward his
candidacy was one of the controlling
features in the final crystallization of
opinion in his favor in the Corporation.
The interviews and letters by which the
-WEEKLY sought to gauge Yale senti-
ment in this matter showed, according
to a careful estimate in this office, that
it would be safe to say that three-fourths
of the Yale men in the country who
_had- seriously considered the problem
were more in favor of Professor Hadley
as the best possible choice than of any
other man. Besides all this, a repre-
sentation was made to one or more
individual members of the Corporation
by no less than fifty full professors in
Yale, giving it as their opinion that
Professor Hadley had eminent qualities
for this high office. This combination
of graduate and Faculty sentiment, to-
gether with the strikingly unanimous
feeling of undergraduate Yale, was per-
haps the final force which removed all
doubt as to his choice.
Arthur Twining Hadley.
And what manner of man is it that
Yale has chosen for her new leader? *
The WEEKLy will not add a detailed
biographical sketch, but will rest with
comparatively few facts which must
easily show the mind and the character
of the new President.
For it is pleasant to dwell on them,
and no one can without taking great
comfort for the future and adding to
his Yale optimism. It is beginning
with the easier,.to chronicle things
intellectual. The record of Arthur
Twining Hadley as a scholar goes back
from the year 1899 to the apocryphal
records of the later fifties. Into the
latter it may not be profitable to enter
in detail, but it is perfectly safe to ac-
cept any number of current traditions
as having inferentially sound historical
basis. lf these tales are not as numer-
ous as about some other scholars of
unusual precocity, it is due to the fact
that special pains were taken to pre-
vent too great intellectual activity at
that time. :
It is going back far enough to speak .
only of a few prizes in Yale College,
into whose Class of Seventy-Six Arthur
Hadley entered from the ‘Hopkins
Grammar School. The Woolsey and
Bristed scholarships, a Winthrop prize
for students ‘most thoroughly ac-
quainted with Greek and Latin poets,”
the Clark prize for the solution of
astronomical problems, a place on the
Junior Exhibition list, a Towsend prize
in Senior year, and, generally speaking,
the lead of all his class in the general
average of the course and graduation
as valedictorian,—these make a fair
record. An apparently very knowing
biographer in the New York Sun thus
sums up in a different way his record
in those days as follows:
“It became apparent at once to the
Class of Seventy-Six that Arthur Had-
ley was to be their leader. From the
beginning and at all times he was
easily first. It is said that his general
average in Algebra for the first term of
Freshman year was four: that being
absolute perfection, a thing rather more
difficult to attain at Yale than anywhere
else. It is also said that the only mis-
take credited to him in Greek grew out
of a dispute with the Professor about a
geographical location, in which the
Professor happened to be _ wrong.
Occasionally during his course he be-
came needlessly frightened lest he was
falling behind, and then he would put
on a spurt as amusingly effective as
that of a racehorse in the lead with the
field hopelessly distanced. His general
standing for the four years was about
3.60. Edwin Dean Worcester, Jr., his
chum, took second place as salutatorian,
being about fifteen-one-hundredths be-
hind him. This average standing of
Hadley’s, while very high, was not a
record-breaker, that palm being held, it
is said, by Prof. H. P. Wright, now
Dean of the Faculty. But comparisons
as to standing are of little value, except
in the same class. Now, Seventy-Six
was far above the average in ability,
taking pride in the remark of a profes-
sor to the effect that it was the smartest
(and wickedest) class he had _ ever
known.
“Shortly after Arthur Hadley entered -
College his father, Prof. James Hadley,
died. His mother then being a widow
and he her only son, he remained much
with her and for the first two years of
his course lived at home. During
Junior and Senior years he lived in
Durfee, in the first entry, with Worces-
ter as this roommate. He was in no
sense a dig. For one thing, his eye-
sight would not permit it. Besides
learning came easily to him, and his
interest in humanity was too intense for
him to be a recluse. There was always
a strong practical vein in him, derived
doubtless from a long line of Yankee
ancestors. Books he regarded as but
means to the one great end, knowledge
of men and their affairs. It is a fact
not generally known that though Prof.
James Hadley studied and taught
Greek all his life, being one of the
world’s greatest scholars in that lan-
guage, his natural bent was toward
Mathematics. His son inherited this
taste, and was one of the very few men
whom one could picture as sitting down
and reading Mathematics, like Stun-
ning Warrington, as if he really enjoyed
it. But he resolutely fought against
this preference, fearing lest a constant
pursuit of it might make him narrow.
There were, by the way, some signifi-
cant horrible examples at Yale in those
days.”
It is interesting that his roommate
Worcester, whom he led by .15 in the
competition for valedictorian, took two
College honors from him on close com-
petition, one the Junior Exhibition
prize and the other the DeForest medal.
HIS STUDIES AND WORKS.
The man who has been since 1891 the
head of the Department of Political
Science at Yale, taking that position
when Professor William Graham Sum-
ner temporarily laid down his work on
account of ill-health, and who is now
serving his second year as. President of
the American Economic Association,
began the studies which led to his
peculiar distinction in this field immedi-
ately after graduation. There was first
a year of post-graduate study at Yale in
History and Political Science and two
more years in Germany at the Univer-
sity of Berlin, where his studies were
in the same field. In 1883, after a ser-
vice of four years as tutor in Yale Col-
lege, in which he gave instruction in
various branches, he began his work in
the field of the history and science of
railroad transportation, and it was two
years later that his volume, entitled
“Railway Transportation, Its History
and Its Laws,’ made him almost at
once the recognized authority in the
country. He was then twenty-nine
years old. Of this book there have
been one translation in France and two
in Russia.
It is unnecessary to go through the
list of his published articles under this
head or under any other branch. Mr.
Clarence Deming, Yale ’71, in a very
attractive sketch of him in the New
York Evening Post, points out the fact
that the bibliography of Yale professors
up to 1893 shows that of twenty-nine
articles penned by Professor Hadley,
practically all related to railroads and
transportation problems. A series of
articles an transportation was prepared
by him for Laylor’s Cyclopaedia of
Political Science in 1883; from 1884 to
1891 he was engaged in work for the
‘Railroad Gazette, in the last three or
those years being connected with this
journal editorially; while in 1887 to
1891 he was a regular contributor to
the New York Evening Post and the
Financial Chronicle. A part of the article
on railways in the ninth edition of the
Encyclopaedia Britannica is from his
pen.
His other notable achievement as a
writer is his book called “Economics,”
published in 1896 and now a text book
in a number of colleges and universi-
ties. It is a book which its author's
clear and unusual style has made not
only a volume for the student but one
for the general reader. If one cares .to
pursue his work in this field into later
years, in which he has continued it to
a considerable extent despite his en-
grossing duties as head of the depart-
ment of Economics here, it is worth
while to mention his charge of the de-
- partment of Economics in Macmillan’s
Dictionary of Philosophical Terms,
which is just coming out, and his arti-
cles on Political Economy in R.. H.
Ingliss-Paulgrave’s Dictionary of Poli-
tical Economy, and his address on
Politics and Sociology, in Philadelphia
the past Winter. Another address was
delivered in April of this year before
the Secondary School Teachers’ Asso-
ciation of New York on the study of
Political Science in secondary schools.
If this may be taken to cover the
main facts of his record in his specialty
of railroads and in the general field of
political economy, it need only be added ©
that he has of late years attained almost
the same eminence in finance as before
in railway transportation. One _ evi-
dence that comes to mind is his series
of lectures on the currency question
before the Brooklyn Institute in 1806.
AS A TEACHER.
But records of this kind are not
the only ones when one considers the
intellectual equipment of Yale’s new
President. Yale is a place of teaching,
and Professor Hadley the teacher can
be studied with just as much satisfac-
tion as Professor Hadley the writer.
Not only the popularity of his courses,
but the tributes of the students in their
votes, show the success that he has
made in the classroom. His Junior
elective regularly collects upwards - of
ninety per cent. of the class, and his
course in economic debates has been
one of the peculiarly successful features
of his teaching, contributing a very
helpful feature in a department where
the Yale instruction has hitherto been
considered quite deficient, to wit, teach-
ing men to think and talk onetheir feet.
The report that he does not intend to
abandon his work as a teacher is one
of the best bits of news the student
world has heard for some time.
On the other hand, there are the
records of public recognition of dis-
tinguished service, and these are already
numerous in the case of the President-
elect, who is now in his forty-third year.
His degree of M.A. from his own Uni-
versity in 1886 was followed three years
later by a medal from the Paris Exposi-
tion in 1889. His Presidency of the
American Economic Association has al-
ready been mentioned, but two other
offices have not been generally spoken
of in giving the record of his life. ‘fe
was made in 1886 one of the original
members of the International Institute
of Statistics. The membership was
originally restricted to fifty, and as it
draws from the civilized world every-
where and is rated as one of the bodies
most worth belonging to of all such
organizations, the significance of his
membership is very striking and very
pleasant to Yale men. In the present
year, 1899, he was chosen as one of the
original members of the newly founded
American Academy of Arts and Letters.
This membership is only fifty and the
list is a very striking and complete one.
It is yet to be made public and the
other names from Yale and elsewhere
cannot be published here. 7
A CHARACTERIZATION,
It is well to close this part of the
sketch with a paragraph from Mr.
Deming’s very appreciative article in
the Evening Post. The writer is one
who has been associated with Professor
Hadley socially and in much profes-
sional work for a long number of years.
He is also one who is always a critic
even when he most commands. He de-
scribes Professor Hadley thus:
“The ancestral traits of intellect which
have converged in Prof. Hadley’s mind
suggest its bent, but by no means mea-
sure its versatility and its power. His
knowledge is encyclopedic, reaching
from the smallest and most isolated of
facts up to the broadest theories. Not
unaptly has he been described as gifted
with a philosophical memory—a mem-
ory not merely with prodigious grasp
of details, but with a singular capacity
for their quick, clear, and often very
original generalization, marked, pos-
sibly, by a little too much love for intel-
lectual fencing and paradox.”
It is hard to mark the line between
Hadley the scholar and Hadley the
man. Professor Hadley is always the
scholar; he is also always the man.
But there are some parts of his record
which particularly indicate his charac-
ter, and since the new administration of
Yale is one that is above all things to
test the President’s character, both his
nerve and his poise, these points are
perhaps the most interesting of all.
AS LABOR COMMISSIONER.
First under this head is his record in
public office. It is not a long one but
an interesting one. In 1885, Governor
Henry B. Harrison appointed Professor
Hadley Labor Commissioner. The in-
teresting thing is that the office at the
time he took it was far from being in
favor with employers of labor, while
on the other hand, the appointment of
Hadley was anything but pleasant to
the leaders of labor who had been most
interested in establishing the Bureau.
In 1889, when he finished his term, both
the labor leaders and the labor em-
ployers vied with each other in com-
mendation of his course. With both
he had been tactful and to both helpful.
With employers of labor he showed that
he knew what he wanted, and he got it.
To the leaders of labor he showed that
what he wanted included the facts most
useful for the useful conduct of the
office. To public men and students
generally, he showed such reasonable-
ness as weil as ability in handling the
facts:and reaching conclusions, that his
