YALE ALUMNI WEEKLY
Second-year German, Dr. W. A.
Adams; 21 Juniors. - ©.
. Schiller, Works and Life, Professor
Gruener; 9 Seniors; 22 Juniors.
Prose of Modern Historians and
Critics, Dr. W. A. Adams; 11 Seniors;
9 Juniors.
German Composition and Conversa-
tion, Mr. H. -A: Fart: 9 Seniors: «4
Juniors.
Goethe’s Works and Life, Dr. W. A.
Adams; 3 Seniors; 3 Juniors.
History of German Literature, Pro-
fessor Palmer; 8 Seniors; 4 Juniors.
Gothic, Professor Palmer; 1 Junior.
Swedish, Professor Palmer; 1 Junior.
COURSES IN ENGLISH.
Rhetoric (twelve essays), Assistant
Professor Baldwin; 3 Seniors; 18
Juniors. |
Rhetoric (twelve essays), Mr. C. W.
Wells; 15 Juniors.
Old and Middle English, Professor
Cook; 6 Seniors; 4 Juniors.
Chaucer, Assistant Professor W. L.
Phelps; 4 Seniors; 25 Juniors.
The English Renascence, Professor
Lewis; 5 Seniors; 1 Junior.
Elizabethan Drama, Assistant Profes-
sor, W.-L. Phelps;
Juniors.
Shakespeare, Professor
Seniors; 10 Juniors.
The Modern Drama, Professor Beers;
8 Seniors.
The Literature of the Eighteenth
Century, Professor Beers; 7 Seniors;
9g Juniors.
Modern Prose, Professor Beers; 53
Seniors.
English Poets of the Nineteenth Cen-
tury, Professor Lewis; 16 Seniors; 138
Juniors.
Tennyson and Browning, Assistant
Professor W. L. Phelps, 23 Seniors;
36 Juniors.
Theories of Poetry, Professor Cook;
3 Seniors. ? ,
English Lyrical Poetry, Dr. Reed; 9
Seniors.
Elementray Russian, Mr. Wolodarsky,
1 Senior; I Junior.
Beers; 4
ANCIENT LANGUAGES:AND LINGUISTICS.
Aeschylus and Pindar, Professor
Seymour; 1 Senior; 8 Juniors.
- Plato, Professor Seymour; 2 Seniors;
6 Juniors.
Greek Testament, Professor
mour; 10 Seniors; 10 Juniors. ©
Aristophanes, Thucydides, and Plu-
tarch as sources for Greek History,
Professor Perrin; 6 Seniors; 5 Juniors.
Outline Survey of Ancient History,
Sey-
Prolese, Fctrin;..12,..Seniors; 27
Juniors.
Lucian, Professor Reynolds; 4
Seniors; 2 Juniors.
Greek Archaeology, Dr. Heermance;
I Senior; 1 Junior.
“ COURSES IN LATIN.
The Letters of Pliny and Cicero, Pro-
fessor Peck; 1 Senior; 1 Junior.
Flexameter Poetry, Professor Peck;
I Senior; 7 Juniors.
Latin Philology, Professor Peck; 2
Seniors.
Roman Archaeology, Professor Peck;
2 Seniors; 2 Juniors. .
Latin Lyric Poetry, Professors H. P.
Wright and Ingersoll; 2 Seniors; 12
Juniors. |
Vergil, Professor Morris; 6 Seniors;
5 Junists. =: °s2s
Roman Law, Dr.
Seniors; 20 Juniors. .
Practice in the Writing of Latin,
Assistant Professor Oertel; 1 Senior.
Terence and Ovid, Mr. Bancroft; 1
Senior; 2 Juniors.
Latin Literature, Assistant Professor
Ingersoll; 4 Juniors.
Latin Composition, Dr. A. L.
Wheeler; 2 Seniors; 3 Juniors.
Robinson; -5
¢
BIBLICAL LITERATURE.
Hebrew (elementary course),
Moulton; 2 Seniors; 2 Juniors.
Hebrew (advanced course), 3 Seniors.
Sight-reading in Hebrew, 1 Senior.
Arabic (elementary course, 1 Junior.
Biblical Literature (Pre-exilic), Pro-
fessor Sanders; 11 Seniors; 19 Juniors.
Biblical. Literature (Post-exilic),
Professor Sanders; 35 Seniors; 8
Juniors.
The Minor Prophets (English), Pro-
fessor Sanders; 3 Seniors; 1 Junior.
The Pauline Epistles, Dr. Moulton:
2 Seniors; 1 Junior.
Maccabean History and Literature
Dr. Moulton; 4 Seniors, -
Dr.
57 Seniors; 77
THE FINE ARTS.
Drawing, Professor Niemeyer; 2
Seniors; 25 Juniors. ,
Architecture, Professor Niemeyer; 2
Seniors.
Painting, Professor Weir; 8 Seniors.
PHYSICAL AND NATURAL SCIENCE.
Physics, Professor Dana; 2 Seniors;
t lintor. =.
Physics, Profesor A. W. Wright; 7
Seniors; 12 Juniors. ,
Physics, Professor A. W. Wright; 2
Seniors.
COURSES IN CHEMISTRY.
Experimental Inorganic Chemistry, .
Professor Gooch, Assistant Professor
Browning and Dr. Phelps; 9 Seniors;
55 Juniors.
Qualitative Chemical Analysis, Assis-
tant Professor Browning; 40 Seniors;
3 Juniors.
Elementray Organic Chemistry, Pro-
fessor Gooch and Dr. Phelps; 15
Seniors; 2 Juniors. -
Quantitative Chemical Analysis, Pro-
fessor Gooch; 1 Sentor. |
Chemical Theory, Professor Gooch;
2 Seniors.
COURSES IN GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY.
Geology, Professor H. S. Williams;
21 Seniors; I9 Juniors.
Geological Biology, Professor H. S.
Williams; - 1 Senior.
Mineralogy and Crystallography,
Professor Dana; 3 Seniors; 1 Junior.
COURSES IN PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY AND
BOTANY.
Physical Geography, Mr. Gregory;
2 Seniors; 5 Juniors.
Botany, Dr. Evans; 1
Juniors.
General Morphology of Plants, Dr.
Evans; 1 Senior.
Seniors: 54
COURSES IN BIOLOGY.
Physiology, Professor Chittenden; 3
Seniors; 32 Juniors.
Elementary Anatomy, General Biol-
ogy, and Physiological Chemistry, Pro-
fessor S. P. Smith; 28 Seniors.
Anatomy, Professor Ferris; 8 Seniors.
MATHEMATICS.
Calculus, Dr. Westlund; 1 Senior;
10 Juniors. Fe
Higher Algebra and Analytic Geome-
try, Dr. Strong and Mr. Hawkes; 4
Seniors; 13 Juniors.
Differential Equations, Professor
Pierpont; 2 Seniors.
Descriptive Astronomy, Professor
Beebe; 1 Senior; 2 Juniors.
Surveying, Professor Beebe; 2
Seniors; 2- Juniors.
: MUSIC.
Harmony, Professor Parker; 2
Seniors; 5 Juniors. , |
Counterpoint, Professor Parker; 2
Seniors.
The Historv of Music, Professor Par-
ker; 19 Seniors; 6 Juniors.
Instrumentation; Professor Parker;
I Senior. :
Free Composition, Professor Parker;
I Senior.
PHYSICAL EDUCATION.
Physiology, Dr. Seaver; 3 Seniors;
1 Junior. fe
Principles and Practice of Gymnas-
tics, Dr. Anderson; 3 Seniors.
—_— wes
> é
Princeton Football Schedule.
The Princeton football season opens
October 6, with a game with the Mary-
land A. C. at Baltimore, and closes with
the Yale game at New Haven, Novem-
‘ber 25. Of the thirteen games only six
will be played on the home grounds.
Two games will be played at New York
City. The schedule follows:
Oct. 6—Maryland A. C., at Balti-
more; Oct. 7—United States Naval
Academy, at Annapolis; Oct. 11--Lafay-
_ette, at Princeton; Oct. 14—Columbia,
at New York; Oct. 18—Pennsylvania
State College, at Princeton; Oct. 21—
United States Military Academy, at
West Point; Oct... 25—Lehigh, at
Princeton; Oct, 28—Cornell, at Ithaca;
Nov. 4—Brown, at Princeton; Nov. 8—
North Carolina, at Princeton; Nov. 11—
Carlisle Indians, at New York; Nov.
18— Washington and Jefferson, at
Princeton; Nov. 25—Yale, at New
Haven.
THE PROFESSION OF FORESTRY.
By Gifford Pinchot.
[Being a complete report of an address delive
before the students of Yale, May 5, 1899, stoic
notes revised by Mr. Pinchot, ]
[Copyrighted by Yale Alumni Weekly.]
The subject matter of the profession
of Forestry is equally distinct from
street tree-planting on the one side and
landscape architecture on the other. It
has to do with wooded regions, with
the productiveness of forests, chiefly
through conservative lumbering, and, in
the treeless parts of the United States,
with planting for economic reasons.
Except for a comparatively small area
of desert land in the West, the whole
land surface of the United States is
included in the possible field of work
for the forester. How extensive this
field is will appear from the fact that
the woodland in farms alone, in 1800,
comprised more than 200,000,000 acres,
or more than four times the area of the
national forest reserves.
The first question asked by a man
who has in mind forestry as his pro-
fession, usually concerns the chance of
finding work when his preparatory
study is ended. The sources of demand
for trained foresters at the moment are
comparatively few, but they are increas-
ing with remarkable rapidity. The
great lumbering concerns, such as the
International Paper’ Company, which
controls more than 1,000,000 acres of
spruce land, are rapidly getting to see
that it is worth their while to employ
trained foresters. One Yale man is
employed by the company just men-
tioned; another college graduate, not
a Yale man, has charge for a company
of certain phases of its lumbering in
Maine; and a recently organized com-
pany in the Adirondacks will do its
lumbering conservatively under the di-
rection of the Division of Forestry. The
demand from this source may be ex-
pected to increase very greatly within
the next ten years, as the great holders
of timber land come to realize more
generally that conservative lumbering
pays better than the destructive methods
now employed. : ;
In a similar way mining companies
will eventually find it to their interest
to employ foresters. The owners of
game parks have already taken steps in
this direction. Private owners of large
areas such as Biltmore Forest in North
Carolina, the property of George W.
Vanderbilt, Ne-Ha-Sa-Ne Park, in the
Adirondacks, owned by W. Seward
Webb, a Yale man, and the contiguous
land held by the Hon. Wm. C. Whit-
ney, another Yale man, are already un-
der the management of trained men.
The need of foresters to care for the for-
est interests of the several states ts al-
ready making itself felt. States such as
New York, with its million and a quar-
ter acres of forest land; North Carolina,
with its Geological Survey thoroughly
interested in forest study; New Jersey
and Maryland, of which the same is
true; Maine, New Hampshire and
several others, with their Forest Com-.
missions; Minnesota, with its Fire
Warden law, and other States are
rapidly creating a demand for foresters,
and would be doing so _ still more
rapidly if men were available to do the
work. Finally, the national Govern-
ment already employs a considerable
number of men, and in the compara-
tively near future will very largely ex-
tend the work which requires. them.
The General Land Office, to which is
entrusted the administration of the
national forest reserves, has this year
an appropriation of $175,000 for the
care and protection of 45 million
acres of forest reserves. At present it
employs no trained men at all, but in
view of the vital importance of forest
preservation, especially in the West,
and of the great and growing public
interest in its extension, this system of
political appointment cannot be ex-
pected to last.
The Division of Forestry which is
charged with the general progress of
forestry and the interests of private for-
est lands,
in the subdivision of the
Government’s forest woods, is at this
moment unable to find suitable trained
men enough to supply its needs. It
would be easily possible, it is true, to
secure Germans or other foreigners, but
a considerable experience has convinced
me that, except in rare cases, such as
that of the present forester to the Bilt-
more Estate, the attempt to use for-_
eign-born men trained abroad is not
likely to succeed. et
COMPENSATION.
The second question asked by the
prospective forester very often relates
to the rate of pay. I cannot answer this
question any more accurately than by
saying that trained foresters now receive
about the same rate of pay as instruc-
tors and professors at Yale. Those in
the employ of the Division of Forestry
receive from $1,000 to $2,500 a year.
Scientific work under the Government
is always underpaid, and it is most
probable that those foresters who enter
the service of lumber companies or
other commercial organizations will
fare better. It is even possible that a
few men may develop such skill that
they will be called in consultation over
difficult problems. Such work will
naturally pay well. |
As with teaching, so with forestry;
by no means all the compensation
comes in the form of dollars. While
the life of the forester in the field is
often rough, many times exceedingly
hard, and always without most of the
comforts of life, it is to those of us
who have been following it the most de-
lightful of occupations. Briefly stated,
it deals, on the scientific side, with the
life-history of forests and forest trees,
with their behavior in health and
disease, their reaction under treatment,
and their adaptation to and effect upon
their surroundings. On the economic
side, it has chiefly to do with reconcil-
ing the perpetuation of the forest with
the production of timber. Measure-
ments of the stand of timber per acre,
and of the rate of growth of single
trees and whole forests by counting
rings, and subsequent calculations, of-
ten form a considerable part of a for-
esters work. There is often a great
deal of office work. It is by no means
the easy existence it has often been
supposed to be by the many men who
have taken up forestry, and then have
dropped it. But it has a charm which
lies perhaps first of all in the fact that
in the United States it is almost an un-
tried field.
ORIGINAL WORK DEMANDED.
Unless forestry as a profession has
' qualities to recommend it other than
those I have already mentioned, it
would scarcely be worthy of considera-
tion before many other lines of work.
It has, however, two peculiarities in
which it stands somewhat by itself. In
the first place, because the field is
practically untouched, a forester finds
himself compelled to do original work
at every turn. The pleasure of investi-
gation of this kind is very real, and to
those of us who are practising forestry
it is one of its two great attractions.
The second lies in the fact that, be-
cause forestry is almost unknown in the
United States, in no profession is it
easier for a man to make his life count.
I need not dwell further on the vastness
of the interests it touches nor the great
utility of forestry to the nation, but I
should like to emphasize this statement
—in few other professions can a man
lead so useful. a life.
. WHAT THE PROFESSION DEMANDS.
These are the things which forestry
offers. Now as to what it demands.
In the first place success in forestry, as
in any other profession, must come
largely from the possession of what we
know. so. well as" Yale spit'm.,. ane
habit of accomplishment and the ‘wil-
lingness to do the work first and count
the cost afterward. It is interesting
to note here that a majority of the
young Americans who have fitted them-
selves for technical forest work are Yale
men. Whatever the connection or the
special fitness may be which brings .
Yale men into this line of effort and
achievement, I should like to see the
recruits from Yale come in fast enough
to maintain something like the old
proportion. |
After the “Yale spirit” comes sound-
ness of body and hardness, for foresters
must often expect the roughest kind of
life in the woods. The helpmeet of
hardiness is a contented spirit. There
is no more pernicious character than a
erumbler in camp, and nothing will
help so much to get field work done
